Investigating The Structure Of Pig Heart Physical Education Essay

Investigating The Structure Of Pig Heart Physical Education Essay Introduction There are three layers of the heart: the epicardium, myocardium and the endocardium. The heart, like a dual pump, which is to pump blood around the whole body, pick-up nutrients and oxygen, at the same time, helping eliminate deleterious wastes, such as carbon dioxide. Moreover, the heart consists of four chambers: two ventricles and two atria. The upper chambers are called atria while the lower chambers are called ventricles, they are separated by valves. Valves are one-way, see Figure 1(Lane, 2010b), hence, they play an important role in preventing the blood from flowing back. Figure 1 One Way Valve (Lane, 2010b) The left are right chambers are separated by muscular wall septum. Without this septum, blood from one chamber will be mixed up with the blood from another and be contaminated (Burnell, 2010). The ventricles have thicker muscles than the atria, they are strong enough to pump the blood out of the heart and circulate to other parts of the body.   Besides, the pressure applied on the left ventricle is greater. As a result, the walls of the left ventricle are the thickest among all the walls of chambers (Burnell, 2010). The coronary artery supply blood to heart muscles and oxygenated, it under the groove on the front the heart and it branches over the front (Lane, 2010b) The pulmonary artery can carry blood to lungs to incept oxygen. It is used to travel the short distance to lungs because large volume of blood can be passed through and oxygenated. The pulmonary artery locates d of curving out of the right ventricle (Lane, 2010b). Methodology Apparatus The material and apparatus used in the experiment: the fresh pig heart, dissecting pan, forceps, scalpels, scissors and gloves. Methods and Observations Procedure 1: External Structure (Lane, 2010a) The heart was washed and placed into a dissecting pan. The colour of heart is pink, white colour exist in the top (maybe this colour is from fatty) and with much dried blood. It can be held by two hands and approximately is 13 cm 10 cm 7 cm. The heart is about 0.25 kg. The pericardium was found a covering the membrane of heart. The pericardium was cut by a scalpel so that the pericardium could be observed. The myocardium was located below the pericardium. The pericardium is a strong membrane. Thus, it is difficult to remove this membrane. It is about 1mm and colourless. The apex was located and was pointing down. The apex is easy to find, it is pink and pointed. The front of the heart was recognized by a groove that extends from the right side of the broad end to the left of the apex. There are many veined patterns in the front of heart, judged it in this way: the major blood vessels were on the top half running down to the apex. There were four chambers in heart. The left and right atria were found. Left and right chambers are distinct and atria are upper than the ventricles. Also, the left chambers are bigger than right chamber. Blood vessels at the broad end of the heart were located. The coronary artery was found its position; the pulmonary artery was located by finger curving out of the right ventricle; and the aorta was located behind the pulmonary artery. The pulmonary veins were found at the top of the left atrium. The superior vena cava was found in top of right atrium. The coronary artery is under the groove on the front of the heart. The pulmonary artery on the right side, the aorta is behind the pulmonary artery both from the top. The diameters of holes are about 3cm. The pulmonary vein is in the left side and behind the superior vena cave. However, the inferior vena cava can not be found. Figure 2 and Figure 3 are shown the external structure (Xia, 2010). Procedure 2: Internal Anatomy (Lane, 2010a) Using scissors, the pulmonary artery was cut through. The wall of the right ventricle was cut down continually, parallel to the groove of coronary artery. It is easy to cut through and the wall of the right ventricle. The wall is about 1cm thin and very smooth. A finger was used to push open the heart, the dried blood inside the chambers was washed out. Many blood clots exist inside. The blood clots are dark and jellified. The muscular wall of right atrium was measured. The right ventricle was felt the thickness and its smooth textured lining. The muscular wall of the right atrium was measured, about 1cm. The wall is very smooth. Inferior vena cava was found in the internal right ventricle, and the lack of valves was noticed. Inferior vena cava in the inside chamber lower left, which locate in right ventricle, near apex. The valve between the right atrium and right ventricle was observed. The valve between the right atrium and right ventricle is thin and easy to break. It was not easily seen. The network of irregular muscular cords was noticed. The network of irregular muscular cords was found everywhere. The colour of them is pink and ropy. It is hard to destroy. The septum on the right side of the right ventricle was found. The septum on the right side of right ventricle is very thick about 1.5cm. Using a finger, the pulmonary artery was followed to locate the right ventricle. The pulmonary valve was found. The pulmonary valve is very thin about 1mm and not seen to be intact. Figure 3 is shown the right side of heart (Xia, 2010). Using scissors, the heart was cut on the outside of left atrium downward into the left ventricle cutting toward the apex to septum at the center groove. The heart was cleaned. The wall of the left atrium is about 2.5cm. The wall of the left ventricle is thicker, about 3 cm and hard to cut through. Jellified bloods were washed. Semi-lunar valves were found. Semi-lunar valves are consisting two valves, about 1mm and pink. Mitral valve was found. The two parts of valves were seen and about 1mm. The left ventricle was cut across toward the aorta, to expose any valves. The left ventricle is hard to cut because the wall is about 3cm. The aortic valve was found. The valve is consisted of three flaps, the shape as half-moon, about 1mm. Figure 5 is shown the left side of heart (Xia, 2010). Figure 6 is shown the internal anatomy (Xia, 2010) Result Figure 2 The Front View of Heart (Xia, 2010) Figure 3 The Rear View of Heart (Xia, 2010) Figure 4 The Right Side of Heart (Xia, 2010) Figure 5 The Left Side of Heart (Xia, 2010) Figure 6 The Internal Structure (Xia, 2010) All these figures are at the end of report in the appendix. Discussion Initially, because the structure of heart is unfamiliar, the process was done slowly, and many aspects are uncertain. In addition, before the experiment a picture of heart structure was found, during the experiment the picture was used to compare with the real heart so that identification can be more easily achieved to find structures position. However, the correct position of picture is different from position in the real heart. The reasons may the diagram is idealized, the real heart is empty and collapsed, structures lack colour contrast to distinguish. When the wall of left ventricle was cut, it is more difficult to sever than the right ventricle. During procedure 2, some muscular cords were cut and some places were undistinguishable. The wall of left ventricle is much thicker than right wall because the left ventricle did the major work. The handout suggested that watching the diastole and systole of the heart. However, this is a departed pig heart, thus, the phenomenon can not be seen. In addition, valves are very thin, when the heart is cut, valves are easily destroyed by mistake, such as the pulmonary valve is not seen to be intact. Conclusion During the experiment, the heart was examined, its external structure, each vessels characteristic and position was found and recognized. In the internal anatomy, different positions of valves were found. Dimensions of different parts of heart were measured: the size of heart, the pericardium, the diameter of vessels holes, the wall of the right ventricle and atrium, the wall of the left ventricle and atrium, the thickness of semi-lunar valves, the thickness of mitral valve, the thickness of aortic valve.

An argument in favor of abortion supporting a womans right to freedom Essay

Is there ever a case, when one person’s religious preference should be allowed to encroach on another person’s right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness? Today many American’s justify their intrusion by siting Articles and Amendments to the Constitution of the United States.   In particular, they speak of the freedom of speech, religion, the right to bear arms, etc.   It seems as though the freedoms are only valuable when everyone shares the same beliefs, morals, and values.   But are these freedoms also guaranteed for those whose values may not be the same as the majority?   As American’s is it not possible to differ and hold different beliefs in pursuit of liberty?   What makes one person’s beliefs more valuable under the constitution than another person? A lot of people do not support abortion because they believe it is killing baby. When most abortions occur, which in the first trimester â€Å"†¦a cluster of cells or a less than half ounce fetus is not anywhere close to a definition of an actual baby.† (4) Scientists use the term fetus and not a baby because a baby â€Å"†¦could be born and survive outside the mother’s womb†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (4) and a fetus could not. A fetus is nowhere near ready to live outside the mother’s womb and â€Å" There is no real functioning brain, therefore no real humanity.† (4) So in reality abortions do not terminate babies, they terminate a fetus that could not survive outside the mother’s womb. Another reason people are not for abortion is that of religious beliefs. Some believe that terminating any form of life in the mother’s womb is wrong no matter the reason and â€Å"Those religiously opposed to abortion in the first two trimesters are free not to have them.†(9) Just because abortion is legal does not mean people are going to be forced to go out and participate in them. Abortion being legal does not impose on anyone’s rights or make anyone do anything they do not want to do. Therefore, if abortion goes against someone’s religious beliefs they are free not to go and get one. People who do not want abortion legalized talk about how it goes against their religion but what about the religion of the woman partaking in the abortion? Not everyone has the same beliefs or sees things the same as others. By trying to make abortion illegal it infringes on citizens rights. If â€Å"†¦my brothers and sisters in the United Church of Christ, who do not see the bible they way you see it, are free to make their own choices†¦ isn’t that freedom of religion too?† (9) People cannot talk about how abortion imposes on the pro-choices religion without talking about the religious freedom of the woman undergoing the procedure. If a woman’s beliefs tell her to do what is best for her The last topic is how making abortion illegal will take away a woman’s right by forcing her to stay pregnant. There are various reasons why a woman chooses to have an abortion. Whether it is because the woman is not ready for kids emotionally or financially, the baby was produced by rape or incest, or she simply just may not want kids and etc.   For people who are pro-choice â€Å"†¦ If your side ever wins, then my daughter and her daughter will be forced to stay pregnant, when their life circumstances†¦ would be much better served if they could safely terminate the fetus†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (7) So for people out there who are wanting abortion to illegal, in a sense, they want a woman to be forced to be pregnant even if that is not what is best for the woman. If abortion stays legal â€Å" we haven’t forced your daughter or her daughter after her, to do anything against their will.† (7) By keeping abortion legal no one’s rights will be infringed on a nd no one is forced to do anything they do not want to do. The same cannot be said if abortion was made illegal. In conclusion, abortions do not terminate babies it terminates fetuses. If abortion goes against someone’s religious beliefs they are free not to have them but do not forget about the religious freedom of the woman undergoing the abortion. People who do not support abortion will never be forced to do something against their will whether its legal or illegal but making abortion illegal will force a woman to stay pregnant against their will. These were just a few reasons why I think abortion should stay legal.   

Single Gender Schools - 632 Words

Many people believe that single gender schools have no positive effect on students, research shows otherwise. In single gender schools there is less drama, it helps preserve culture, there are less stereotypes, and test scores and confidence levels rise. Single gender schools have many positive impacts, and they help students prepare for the future. For starters there is less drama at an all girls school. Since there arent any guys on campus, you arent gonna be jealous of a couple at school. Another reason there is less drama is that you arent vying for the guys attention. This also leads to more modesty. Loran Wilbur , who went to an all girls school said, â€Å"There was a lot less pressure for appearance at Wellesley. Girls usually just wore sweat pants and a t-shirt.† Lastly you dont have to worry about how a guys gonna treat you because of how you look. A lot of drama is based on relationships and attractions. Remove the opposite gender from the equation and you have lessened the problem drastically. Next off single gender schools help preserve many different cultures. In the Islamic or Muslim culture the co-ed schools are promoting illicit relationships, teenage pregnancies, dating, girlfriend-boyfriend culture, extravagance where both sexes throw their parents hard earned money on materialism and luxurious items to attract the opposite sex (http://defence.pk/threads/co-education-spreading-immorality-among-youth.269207/). The co-edShow MoreRelatedSingle Gender Schools Are Better1869 Words   |  8 PagesStudent: Zhenyi Lin Course: ENG 108 Professor: Gabriele Bechtel Date: 12/7/2011 Single Gender Schools are Better According to my personal experience, based on the fact I saw, I think, single-sex schools are inferior to traditional coeducation schools. Even though I used to think that traditional coeducation is better, and it is able to provide opportunities for girls and boys to communicate and exchange ideas. I argue that teaching students separately is detrimental, and even harmful to studentsRead MoreSingle Gender Schools Vs. Coeducational Schools3235 Words   |  13 PagesMynae Walker Mr. Hance English 12 18 December 2014 Single Gender Schools vs. Coeducational Schools Children that attend single gender schools are rich. Children that attend coed schools are poor. Children that attend single gender schools are well behaved. Children that attend coed schools are defiant. Will there ever be an end to these stereotypical comments? What is most important is that as long as the child feels comfortable in the right learning environment. It seems that today, this is beingRead MoreSingle Gender Schools Are Better Than Coed Schools1180 Words   |  5 Pageswondered if single-gender schools are better than coed schools? Each side has advantages, but there are also disadvantages to them. My thoughts on this subject is coed schools aren’t as supportive and beneficial as single-gender schools. I think this for many reasons, including that single-gender schools improve student collaboration, self-improvement by not worrying about being judged by the breaking down of stereotypes, and teachers can use better teaching techniques when teaching one gender classesRead MoreEducation: Gender and Single-sex School Works1256 Words   |  6 PagesSingle-Sex Schools A time comes in every young teen s life when he or she must decide where to attend high school. As they examine which high school they want to go to, one of the factors they may come across is whether to go to a single-sex school or a co-educational school. While co-ed schools allow students to develop socially, single-sex schools have the advantage in academic success. Single-sex schools provide a conducive learning environment for students, allow teachers to teach accordingRead MoreSingle-gender classrooms would not improve the quality of education in American public schools.9319 Words   |  38 Pages--------------------------------------------- Resolved: Single-gender classrooms would improve the quality of education in American public schools. Contentions----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Contention 1: Single-gender classrooms would leave students unprepared for college and for life. Subpoint 1: College Preparedness College Preparedness: Single-sex schools fail to prepare students for college. Edelman Public RelationsRead MoreDo Children Learn Better? Girls And Boys Only Schools?1676 Words   |  7 PagesGirls/Boys Only Schools There was a girl name Maria who went to a Co-ed school for boys and girls. She was unhappy that she couldn’t concentrate in class because of all the drama and socializing between boys and girls. Then one day Maria look up the differences between Co-ed schools and Single-gender schools. Maria found that children who go to Single-Gender schools learn and get better grades than children who go to Co-ed schools. There are many differences between Single-Sex schools and Co-edRead MorePros and Cons to Single-Sex Schools1271 Words   |  6 PagesSingle-sex Schools In the 1990s, there were a mere 2 single-sex schools present in the United States due to legal restrictions placed on sex-segregation facilities; however, as laws — the No Child Left Behind Act, Breckenridge ruling, and the Wood County ruling — have allowed for single-gender educational facilities, this number has risen to approximately 500 schools (Lewin; NASSPE: Legal). Popularity of single-gender schools stems from the academic success of their students as show by their testRead Moreme me931 Words   |  4 Pagesfor parents when it comes to choosing high schools or college for their child is â€Å"Should girls and boys be taught separately, either in different classes or entirely differently schools, to improve their educational performances, or is such an approach a throwback to a teaching method that was discredited years ago† (Update: Single-Sex Education). In the past, it was more common for boys and girls to be educated separately just like most privat e schools today. In the 1990s, concerns over the academicRead MoreDifferentiated Learning And Its Positive Effects On Gender1333 Words   |  6 PagesDifferentiated learning and its positive effects on gender When a couple becomes aware that they are waiting for a baby, they anticipate whether it is a boy or a girl. Because baby s gender will determine a lot of things, such as what color to paint baby s room, what kind of toys, and what color clothes to buy. After the newborn comes into the world, his or her gender plays an even more important role. Parents start to learn that boys love action, and are less fearful, while girls thrive on communicatingRead MoreWhy are Mixed Schools a Better Option?672 Words   |  3 PagesSingle sex school is a major problem that we face in our modern world it has advantages and well as disadvantages. Why mixed schools is better than single one?. There are many reasons to prove that idea. This essay talks about why mixed schools is better than single one with evidences and supports. This essay supports the idea of why this is a negative impacts on the society. Some people saw that single one is better and they have their points of view and their opinions . They also saw it improves

Analysis Of The Book Hot Nigga Essay - 1590 Words

â€Å"About a week ago!† my cousins screamed in unison with enthusiasm. I peeked over my current book, The Secret, and stared at them, partly puzzled, partly annoyed. â€Å"What’s that about?† I enquired after hearing the phrase for the fourth time that day. After finding amusement in my lack of awareness of the phrase and its origin, my cousins took pity on me and explained. They played the hip hop song â€Å"Hot Nigga,’ then proceeded to show me the weird dance move that accompanied it, called the â€Å"Shmoney Dance,† where they bent one leg at a time, in sync with lowered arms and their fists clenched. â€Å"But why?† I had asked. My cousins then told me of the popularity of the phrase, and its overall â€Å"coolness.† They played the song for me and as I paid attention to the lyrics, I noted its constant mention of violence and I wondered if they did as well. While I initially found the lyrics of the song â€Å"Hot Nigga† disturbing, very quickly I realized that although my cousins proclaimed their love for this â€Å"cool† song and repeated the phrase â€Å"About a week ago† with reckless abandonment, they seemed to lack awareness of the rest of the lyrics. This became evident when I asked them to sing it, and the only coherent words they could repeat were those of the phrase â€Å"About a week ago.† Little do they know that Bobby Shmurda, whose real name is Ackquille Pollard, in an interview claimed that the song â€Å"Hot Nigga† was based on his life story. He later retracted this statement when referencing the phraseShow MoreRelated The Perception of African Americans in the Media and How it Affects Their Self-Identity3877 Words   |  16 PagesMuwakkil makes a very strong point when he cites the Kerner Commission’s findings: Whats more, the Kerner Commission (formally known as the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders), which was charged with finding the reasons for the long-hot-summer rebellions, had concluded that the United States was headed dangerously toward two societies, one black, one white, separate and unequal. It blamed the urban unrest on persistent racial discrimination and a historical legacy of disadvantageRead MoreAmerican Slang Essay 115481 Words   |  62 Pages1970, the scholarly collection and analysis of American college slang was at best sporadic. However, in these scattered treatments can be seen traces of the major changes that transformed college slang and college culture by the 1970s. By 1926-27, slang at Kansas University depicted not only â€Å"loose women† but also women students as having sex appeal, with terms like hot-sketch, and mean-baby. University of Missouri slang of 1931 called a â€Å"chic, up-to-date coed† a hot number and â€Å"one who ne cks on a date†

Introduction Of Manufacturing Scheduling Process Essay

†2 Introduction Introduction to manufacturing scheduling In the real world, it is necessary for any manufacturing system, production system, even service system to create an effective schedule able to overcome any change that may happen in the environment in order to continue in the competitive world. Scheduling can be denoted as the process of assigning a set of activities to resources of finite capacity over limited time. Scheduling process aims to sequence the activities and states their releasing time on each machine to satisfy the desired performance criteria while considering the capacity and technological constraints[1]. Most of the manufacturing companies work on streamlining their production processes, meeting their customers requirements and accommodate the high variety of demands. Therefore, there was a big need for a job shop. Further, it is necessary to develop scheduling technique able to improve different objectives of scheduling such as makespan, machine utilization, meeting due dates, etc. Over the years, many methods were developed in seeking to improve scheduling processes such as hand-made scheduling, whiteboards, spreadsheets, and advanced methods. Hand-made scheduling was the spontaneous method that appeared in scheduling environment. First come first serve (FCFS) is an example of hand-made scheduling, it is usually used when the jobs don t affect on the main purposes of the company, or the jobs don t have a due date. Hand-made scheduling hasShow MoreRelatedDecision Support Tool For Dynamic Job Shop Scheduling785 Words   |  4 PagesTOOL FOR DYNAMIC JOB SHOP SCHEDULING ATIKAH BINTI SELAMAT (FA12015) SUPERVISOR: DR. MUCHAMAD OKTAVIANDARI TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGES CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background 1.2 Problem Statement 1.3 Objectives 1.4 Scope of Research 2 3 3 3 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Introduction 2.1.1 Job Shop Production 2.1.2 Job Shop Scheduling Problem (JSSP) 2.1.3 Dynamic Job Shop Scheduling Problem (DJJSP) 2.2 Previous Research on Job Shop Scheduling 2.2.1 Job Shop Scheduling 2.2.2 Approach and Method 2Read MoreComponents Of Manufacturing Processes And Management1247 Words   |  5 Pages Manufacturing processes form the core of all modern nations and those in the profession should be informed of the process itself and what materials are used as well as the technology and equipment that they will be using. In this mechanized age, one needs to have knowledge of these procedures in order to stay on top of the field of manufacturing processes and management. Singh (2006) states that â€Å"the art of converting raw material into finished goods with application of different types of toolsRead MoreSystematic And Organizational Problems Associated By Jones And Cousins Ltd Essay1215 Words   |  5 Pagesare trying to match the demand of the customers. (Lee Jeong, 2010) By dividing production planning and scheduling as two separate process, the time consumed for approval of plans for production had increased. The complex organizational structure in the firm takes about two weeks to approve the production plans, which is then passed down to the Material requirements planning system for scheduling. Occurrence of any errors leads to rescheduling of workers and component parts for assembly and cannotRead MoreCase Study : Medtech Eletronics Equipment Manufacturer Essay1413 Words   |  6 Pagesstudy will discuss MPC and explain the 3 parts of MPC (Manufacturing Planning and Control) Framework which are front end, engine and back end. After that the essay will connect MPC and the 5 problems to find solutions which are production scheduling, engineering control, ISO 9000 or six sigma quality control systems, ICTs systems for communicating and just in time (JIT). Finally the writer will show the summary of this study. 2. Introduction Medtech is an electronics equipment manufacturer for producingRead MoreThe Machine Time Span1254 Words   |  6 Pagesin each case, it is assumed that the machine time is known as soon as it occurs. This machine has a direct consequence on the number of operation that is fixed and indirectly reflects on the total number of operation present in the potential re-scheduling. Instances of the job shop problem (10x10, 8x15, 5x10, 10x 15, 5x15, 5x20, 6x24, 10x20,) are considered. Two machines can influence the decision variables. Several cases with different values of this parameter are studied. The different simulationsRead MoreFactors affecting women entrepreneurs success1224 Words   |  5 Pages1-1 Introduction to Operations Management Operations Management William J. Stevenson 1-2 Introduction to Operations Management Operations Management Figure 1.1 The management of systems or processes that create goods and/or provide services Organization Finance Operations Marketing 1-3 Introduction to Operations Management What Do Operations Managers Do? †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ What is ‘Operations’? †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ a function or system that transforms inputs into outputsRead MoreFhe Case Study1026 Words   |  5 Pagesthe new-product development process at FHE? 2) What could be done to clarify the organizational relationship between product managers, technical program managers, and manufacturing managers? 3) What can be done to better manage the workload of the engineering services department? 4) Evaluate the plans and the expected results from the new CAD-CAM system. Analysis Question 1 What steps should Donaldson take to improve the new-product development process at FHE? Restructuring PhilRead MoreThe Dairy Product Lewis Creamery Chocolate Milk1435 Words   |  6 Pages1.0 Introduction The report is going to analyze the dairy product-Lewis Creamery Chocolate Milk using manufacturing planning and control (MPC) system. Firstly, it will illustrate some background information of the shortage of Lewis Creamery Chocolate Milk and presumably the reason of the shortage was because the company did not implement the MPC system and then carried on by introducing the manufacturing planning and control (MPC) framework, which may help the company to overcome the shortage ofRead MoreMarkeeting962 Words   |  4 Pages1-1 Introduction to Operations Management Operations Management William J. Stevenson 8th edition 1-2 Introduction to Operations Management CHAPTER 1 Introduction to †¨ Operations Management McGraw-Hill/Irwin Operations Management, Eighth Edition, by William J. Stevenson Copyright  © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 1-3 Introduction to Operations Management Operations Management Figure 1.1 The management of systems or processesRead MoreNew Crossover Operator Based On The Machine And Mutation Operator1486 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract - To solve the job shop scheduling problem more effectively, some genetic operators were designed. In order to increase the diversity of the population, a mixed selection operator based on the fitness value and the concentration value was given. To make full use of the characteristics of the problem itself, new crossover operator based on the machine and mutation operator based on the critical path were specifically designed. To find the critical path, a new algorithm to find the critical

Bag of Bones CHAPTER THIRTEEN Free Essays

This summary is not available. Please click here to view the post.

Risk Management and Control Measures

Question: Discuss about the Risk Management and Control Measures. Answer: The diagram above gives a clear review of the priority that is needed to be given to each risk that occurs unexpectedly. The risk manager then makes the appropriate decision of allocating the resources in these levels of risks hence for proper management of the risk the sufficient resources is required. The diagram of risk exposure has been structured in such a way that it has got four corners. The corners of the chart are divided into: Low impact and also reduced probability which is usually located at the left corner at the bottom, mostly these risks can be ignored since there occurrence has no negative impact to the government. The risk of low impact high probability is found at the top of the chart left corner where it is considered to be moderate in regarding to importance. If in any case this risk happens to occur an individual can overcome the situation and proceed. The manager responsible is mandated with the obligation of reducing the likelihood that the risk will occur. The risk of high impact low probability is concisely located at the right corner down the chart, the risks are to be considered and handled on top priority as they are detrimental and can cause significant interference with the system running. The nature of the risk being that there is unlikely factor of occurrence but an individual responsible to mitigate the risk should be on the look out to institute necessary measures and controls to reduce the magnitude of the damage that they will bring upon. There is need for backup plans for these risks just in case they do occur in order to be dealt with accordingly. The contingency plans ensure that there is sufficient controlling of the dangers associated with these risks. The risks of high impact and with high probability of occurrence are located in the diagram at the top right corner where there is first response and priority in consideration because they can have a big impact whenever the happens. These risks must be critically analyzed and sorted to reduce the effects on the Information communication and technology department. The risk manager is supposed to be aware of their vital importance and thus needed to pay a close attention which will enhance identification of the problems and underlying occurrences. The close attention is required for the very unlikely risks where the close attention is recommended for the purpose of evening the least risks to occur. The risks may involve loss of human life or even results to threats of death, in this circumstance there is need for paying the most adequate attention to these risks. Rationale diagram of risk in the case study The threat of fire is considered as a threat by the NSW government and this follows the establishment of the fire stations which are mandated with the duty of responding to the emergency cases and thus delivering services to the people for adequate mitigation of the threat. There is conducting of rescue missions in the areas which are vested with these natural disasters in order to save lives and property which could be lost through the fire if the services were to be haltered. The hazardous materials handling throughout the entire NSW are facilitated be existence of these rescue centers which are used to deal with the harmful substances that can cause damage to property and human beings. There are necessary equipment and protective gears that are provided by the government to enhance that the issue is dealt with appropriately There are cloud based services where the fire department uses with the existence of security and privacy assurance. The threat of prevailing crime rate in New South Wales by postcode, the suburbs, and age and rate maps is an issue which needs to be addressed by the government. The offenders can easily get away with the offences committed due to insufficient risk detection programs and failure on the part of the government to identify the risk. NSW has therefore launched the new crime tool which is to be used in accessing the data and maps of crime and thus use of graphs which meet the individual specifications. The most recent crime statistics can be accessed by any individual who are interested to survey the region all around the clock from the website known as Bocsar website. The threat of non-computerization in the state Parole Authority is a threat following that the activities were conducted manually. SPA collated the photocopy documents thus making illegal undertakings which are contrary to the law. Heath said that coherent measures of risk are necessary in consideration of the suitable mitigation procedure used (Phillis, 1999, p.189). The huge volumes of documentation were made to individuals who compromised the legitimacy of authority because the members were able to access the papers. The detectives are not in a position to see the crime scenes which makes it difficult to determine the cause of the problem. The third party interferes with the evidence that is available at the moment the crime takes place. The assigned individuals who are NSW officials and detectives are located in isolated areas which make it difficult to respond to the cases of the tragedy within a short time. There is tampering with the evidence by people willing to conceal the same for personal interests and motives. The criminals who participate in this action are mostly the initiators of the threat that first failed to be detected by the systems. Harrison said that testosterone and financial risk preferences. Journal of evolution and human behavior (Philip, 2007, p.455). The challenges that the NSW government is likely to face when deciding whether security management should be undertaken internally or be outsourced are: the department responsible in family and community services delivers the respective services to the most disadvantaged individuals in NSW. The families and communities are also found to be among those who are beneficiaries of the unwarranted services. There is confusion as to whether the government should adopt the initiative that will enhance protection of the domestic property and individuals. This arises due to the selfish nature of the leaders and officials who are given the responsibility of running this service delivery to the entire community. Mathew said that Initiation of the infrastructures repairs and emergency services Policy (Felix, 2005, p.111). The land and housing corporation was facing difficulty in keeping a good track record of its residents and the tenants that are found to be in a certain geographical location. The public property and asset management was difficult to be monitored since the assigned individuals did not allocate the resources adequately in accordance to the proportion and productivity. The infrastructure was out of date and thus it was depleted beyond the repairing period. The amount of capital that is currently available is not enough to undertake and cater for all the expenses of reconstructing and bring back into the current standards. Julian said that the uncertainty encountered in control of risks and security risk management body of knowledge (Alex, 2009, p.178). The other challenge that the government will encounter in the process of security management is the proximity of the public utility and resources that are to be utilized in providing the services to the citizens living in the locality. The distance factor is an issue which needs to be given first priority because the initiation of the program cannot take place way-out the NSW government allocating the funds and establishing systems of control. There is danger of lost confidentiality to the third party of confidential government information during outsourcing. The outsourced firma that is engaged in the process of managing and risk mitigation may use the position to the advantage and also compromise the process. There is conflict of interest where the managers engage in business with the contractors who are given the responsibility of instituting suitable measures. Jackson stated that Risk management and control measures that are applied to prevent damage (Herman, 1999, p.123). Risk is the potential which generally involves gaining something of value and it becomes a personal possession. It can also be seen as the likelihood of parting ways hence losing something that was of value and vital importance. It might entail the financial wealth and emotional health of and individual hence also an intentional interacting with unsuitable condition of uncertainty. Certainty is the existence of more than one occurrence of possibility hence the final result is not actually known; the level of predictability of the event is low given that there is defiance in the current process or as result of lost hope. The uncertainty is a result of negligent actions of the officials supposed to enhance adherence with the policies. There is a negative effect that occurs as a result of this situation which entails loss of reputation and degrading of the department faced with the uncertainty. Thomas said that Model policy preventing and responding to abuse of older people (Richard, 2002, p.344). Conclusion The approach of proprietary software license fees are reduced in activities such as logistics, staff fostering and computer aided dispatch. There is existence of the private cloud a browser which enhances in-house management of these functions. The device used by the NSW government for risk control and mitigation has no disc drives and hard disk which makes it impervious which is commonly in fire stations and is experienced in most often cases. There is a project that has been initiated which involves digitalization of the collections to permit a wide range of accessibility of the documents which are regarded as history and important in a significant way because of the iconic nature. There are upgrades to the system which has enhanced ten year collection digitalization plan. The infrastructure is also developed in such a way that the risks will be mitigated and prevented in due time before they even take place. Zingales said that Gender differences in financial risk aversion and career choices are affected by testosterone (Samuel, 2009, p.255). References Thomas, P. (2002). Model policy preventing and responding to abuse of older people. Hungary: Austria press, https://www.ageing.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0019/300466/Model-Abuse-of-Older-People-Policy.pdf Jackson, T. (1999). Risk management and control measures that are applied to prevent damage. Sydeny. Hungarian press. https://www.ageing.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0020/300467/Policy-Checklist.pdf Mathew, R. (2005). There is initiation of the infrastructures repairs and emergency services Policy. Wales: Herman press. Zingales, L., Maestripieri, D. (2009). Gender differences in financial risk aversion and career choices are affected by testosterone. NSW: Austria press. Harrison, L. (2007). Testosterone and financial risk preferences. Journal of Evolution and Human Behavior. vol 29. Issue 6. 384390.abstract. Heath, D. (1999). Coherent measures of risk. Journal of Finance, vol. 9, 203--228. Julian, T., Miles, J. (2009). The uncertainty encountered in control of risks and Security Risk Management Body of Knowledge. Sydney: Austria press.